| Pheidole rubens Forel, 1899 |
| Pheidole rugiceps Wilson, 2003 |
| Pheidole rugifrons Pergande, 1896 |
| Pheidole rugulosa Gregg, 1959 |
| Pheidole ruida Wilson, 2003 |
| Pheidole sabina Wilson, 2003 |
| Pheidole sagana Wheeler, 1934 |
| Pheidole satura Wheeler, 1915 |
| Pheidole scabriventris Wilson, 2003 |
| Pheidole sciophila Wheeler, 1908 |
| Pheidole sciophila var. semilaevicephala Smith, 1934 |
| Pheidole scrobifera Emery, 1896 |
| Pheidole senex Gregg, 1952 |
| Pheidole septentrionalis Wheeler, 1908 |
| Pheidole sepultura Longino, 2019 |
| Pheidole setsukoae Wilson, 2003 |
| Pheidole simonsi Wilson, 2003 |
| Pheidole simulans Wheeler, 1908 |
| Pheidole sitarches Wheeler, 1908 |
| Pheidole sitarches subsp. campestris Creighton, 1950 |