| Pheidole punctatissima Mayr, 1870 |
| Pheidole punctatissima subsp. annectens Wheeler, 1905 |
| Pheidole punctatissima subsp. insulana Wheeler, 1905 |
| Pheidole punctatissima subsp. napaea Wheeler, 1934 |
| Pheidole purpurea Longino, 2009 |
| Pheidole pusilla (Heer, 1852) |
| Pheidole quercicola Wilson, 2003 |
| Pheidole radoszkowskii Mayr, 1884 |
| Pheidole radoszkowskii raza parvinoda Forel, 1912 |
| Pheidole radoszkowskii var. opacissima Forel, 1901 |
| Pheidole rectiluma Wilson, 2003 |
| Pheidole rectisentis Wilson, 2003 |
| Pheidole rectispina Wilson, 2003 |
| Pheidole rectitrudis Wilson, 2003 |
| Pheidole rhea Wheeler, 1908 |
| Pheidole rhinoceros Forel, 1899 |
| Pheidole ridicula Wheeler, 1916 |
| Pheidole rima Longino, 2019 |
| Pheidole rojasae Vázquez-Franco, 2024 |
| Pheidole roushae Wilson, 2003 |